This is an unpublished draft preview that might include content that is not yet approved. The published website is at w3.org/WAI/.

Curricula on Web Accessibility:
A Framework to Build Your Own Courses

Accessibility Curricula Overview

You can use this resource in a variety of situations. Some examples include:

You can combine different modules from the entire resource to create and compare courses, training, and certification programs. For example, teaching accessibility to computer science students likely involves modules from the foundation, developer, and designer curricula. On the other hand, assessing the accessibility knowledge of front-end developers will primarily involve modules from the developer curriculum. This resource does not prescribe specific combinations and order of modules for different programs. It also does not prescribe the duration, effort, or accreditation associated with each. It provides a reference for the learning outcomes on a modular level.

Overview on Curricula Modules
Development Design Authoring
Foundation Modules
Developer Modules Designer Modules (TBD) Author Modules (TBD)
  • Navigation and Orientation
  • Layout and Structure
  • Colors, Fonts, and Graphics
  • Information Architecture
  • Forms, Instructions, and Feedback
  • Custom Widgets and Interaction
  • Headings and Structure
  • Navigational Cues
  • Alternatives for Images, Graphics, and Multimedia
  • Document accessibility
  • Tables and Data Representation
  • Form Instructions and Feedback

Structure and Terminology

This resource consists of the four curricula described in the previous section. Each curriculum consists of:

Terminology specifically related to people with disabilities, assistive technologies, and adaptive strategies is provided in How people with disabilities use the Web.

Teaching Best Practices

While this resource is organized by modules based on roles in accessibility implementation, it is important to understand and communicate the relationship between different tasks related to accessibility when teaching. For example, creating an accessible form requires input from the content author, designer, and developer. It is equally important to understand and communicate accessibility requirements from the perspective of the user across the different tasks. In addition to the advice embedded in the modules, the following overall practices will help you ensure effective courses, training, and certification programs on accessibility.

Involve People with Disabilities

One of the most effective ways to learn and teach accessibility is by involving people with disabilities. This includes inviting people with disabilities to show how they use assistive technologies and adaptive strategies to interact on the Web, the accessibility features they rely on, and challenges they sometimes encounter. If you cannot invite people with disabilities, maybe you can find suitable videos instead. Yet make sure to guide your students through the process to avoid perpetuating existing misunderstandings. For guidance on working with people with disabilities, ethical considerations, and cautions, refer to Involving Users in Web Projects for Better, Easier Accessibility.

Communicate the Impact

Often teachings focus too much on the how and insufficiently on the why. Yet understanding the motivations for accessibility is essential to ensuring solutions that are usable in practice. Good practice for courses, training, and certification programs is to ensure that students understand the impact of accessibility barriers and features on people with disabilities. This includes how the learning outcomes, the teaching methods, and knowledge assessments are designed. For example, students should not only know the different ways to provide text alternatives for images. They should also know in which situations each method is more appropriate from the perspective of the user.

Embrace Universal Design

Avoid inadvertent prioritizing of one perceived group over another. The accessibility requirements for people with disabilities overlap without clear boundaries. For example, captions support people who are deaf and hard of hearing as well as people with some forms of cognitive and learning disabilities. Good practice for courses, training, and certification programs is ensure that students understand the concepts of universal design to create accessible and inclusive experiences for everyone. For guidance on cross-disability aspects, refer to How people with disabilities use the Web.

Make it Accessible

Good practice is to ensure that courses, training, and certification programs are accessible. This includes all presentations, teaching materials, exercises, assessments, and other student interactions. For example, ensure that the online learning platform, the classroom, computer lab, or training venue are accessible. Ensure that, for example, captioning, sign-language interpretation, and large-print formats are provided when needed. Also ensure that instructors read aloud what is on the screen and describe any visual information through audio. For more guidance, refer to How to Make Your Presentations Accessible to All.

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This is an unpublished draft preview that might include content that is not yet approved. The published website is at w3.org/WAI/.